Troubleshooting in the electrical system When defects occur in the electrical system, it is very important to act systematically. This also applies to checks for a burnt-out lamp, as well as for idle motors....
Checking lighting lamps Remove the lamp and check if the filament is intact and if the lamp is firmly seated on the base. If the lamp is burned out, replace it. If the lamp is normal, then do...
Checking electric motors In modern cars, many additional functions are performed using small electric motors. These include power windows, sunroof, electric central locking or power antenna....
Checking the operation of the switches Most current consumers are switched on and off using hand-operated switches. In addition, there are also switches that operate automatically. These switches include, for...
Relay test Many circuits have relays installed that act as switches. Example: when the high beam is turned on with the manual switch, the relay is signaled and it supplies voltage...
Checking the wiper motor The wiper motor is located in a groove under the front window. To check it, you need to remove the cover. Contact designation The designations of the contacts on the...
Checking the direction indicators The intermittent operation of the direction indicators and alarms is provided by the turn relay. The alarm system is connected to a relay without a fuse. The turn signal...
Checking the brake signal If the brake light does not come on, check the fuse in the fuse box first. If the fuse is good, check the brake light bulbs and replace if necessary. If the bulbs are...
Rear window heating test When the rear window heating is turned on, its section with heating threads should free itself from ice and dew after a while. In the event of a malfunction, you must...
Removal, installation and check of a sound signal The horn is located behind the front bumper on the left side. Removing Raise and support the vehicle in front on the left. Remove wire (1) from signal (2). Unscrew the...
Electronic immobilizer The car is serially equipped with an electronic immobilizer, also called PATS (Passive Anti/Theft System or passive anti-theft system). When active, the system prevents...