Camber angle is the angle of the wheel in relation to the road surface in the vertical plane. It can be positive if the wheels are tilted outward, or negative if the wheels are tilted inward. The camber angle mainly affects the lateral forces.
wheel alignment - is defined as the difference in distance between the front and rear sides of the wheel rims, halved. Positive toe means the wheels are closer together at the front than at the rear when measured at wheel midpoint height. Negative toe means that the wheels are further apart at the front than at the rear. The convergence affects the straightness of the vehicle and its handling, compensates for the resulting kinematic changes in the geometry of the suspension under the action of the traction force.
Shoulder stabilization - is the distance between the point of contact of the wheel and the point of intersection of the axis of rotation of the wheel with the road when viewed from the side. Determines the value of the stabilizing moment, affects the directional stability and the forces in the steering when cornering.
Lateral inclination of an axis of turn of a wheel is the angle between the axis of inclination of the steering knuckle and the vertical drawn through the wheel attachment point, as viewed in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Influences the power of control (steering sensitivity) along with other angles.
Due to the camber angles and the transverse inclination of the axis of rotation, the points of contact of the wheels with the road are located closer to the axis of the steering knuckle. Thus, the so-called «running shoulder». The less «running shoulder», the easier it is to drive. In addition, bumps from uneven surfaces are less transmitted to the steering.
Longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation of the wheel - The axis, about which the wheel turns, is placed in space so that its lower part is tilted forward. Such an angle of longitudinal inclination is called positive. With a positive angle value, the spontaneous return of the wheel to the middle position after a turn is improved.
Checking and adjusting the wheel alignment must be carried out at a workshop due to the need for sophisticated equipment.