The car engine is operated in various climatic conditions and under various loads. The temperature of the coolant, and hence the engine, must be controlled and kept within a narrow temperature range. This is provided by the engine cooling system.
As a result of combustion in the engine cylinders of the air-fuel mixture, not only a torque is generated that sets the car in motion, but also a large amount of heat released. Coolant constantly circulates through the engine jacket, driven by a water pump.
Malfunctioning of the cooling system usually results in engine damage. If the car is equipped with an automatic transmission, the cooling system ensures the normal functioning and long-term operation of the transmission.
The cooling system must be checked on a cold engine.
Remove the radiator cap and rinse its interior and exterior surfaces with clean water. Clean the filler neck of the radiator. All traces of corrosion must be removed.
Check the upper and lower radiator hoses and smaller heater hoses. Replace hoses with cracks, tears or signs of ageing. Cracks are easier to find if the hose is pinched. Pay special attention to the clamps that secure the hoses to the elements of the cooling system. Overtightening the hose clamps can cause the hose to break or puncture, resulting in leaks in the cooling system.
Make sure all hose connections are securely tightened. A leak in the cooling system is usually found as white or rust-colored deposits on areas adjacent to the leak.
Use compressed air or a soft brush to remove insects, leaves, etc. from the front of the radiator or air conditioner condenser. Be careful not to damage the thin cooling fins or cut yourself on them.
Finally, check the cap and pressure in the cooling system. If there is a suspicion that the valve in the cap is defective, and there is no way to check it, the easiest way is to replace the cap, which is inexpensive.